INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHANGES IN EDUCATION
Research Article
Aug 22, 2025 1 0

Impact of Educational Policies and Reforms on Human Capital Development in Rwanda

Aimable Sibomana 1 2 * ,
Emmanuel Bizimana 3,
Louis Havugiyaremye 2,
Pancras Ndokoye 4
1 Department of Education in Sciences, Catholic University of Rwanda2 Inspire, Educate and Empower Rwanda, Rwanda3 Department of Sciences and Humanities, Protestant Institute of Arts and Social Sciences, Rwanda4 Department of Management and Development Studies, University of Technology and Art of Byumba, Rwanda* Corresponding Author
International Journal of Changes in Education, 2(3), 2025, 191-199, https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewIJCE52023747
Publication date: Aug 22, 2025
Full Text (PDF)

ABSTRACT

Rwanda, a landlocked country in East Africa, has undergone a remarkable transformation in the decades following the 1994 genocide against Tutsi. The investment made in the technology and education system is a means of fostering the development of human capital. Thus, recognizing the role of education in the achievement of human capital development, the country has undertaken significant education reforms and policy initiatives in recent years to improve the quality and accessibility of education across the country. Therefore, this study aimed at examining the extent to which educational policies and reforms contributed to human capital development. Conducted in 30 districts, the study employed a cross-sectional survey research design under an explanatory quantitative research approach to collect data from 310 teacher respondents. The data collected were analyzed using bivariate correlation and regression analyses. The findings revealed a positive and significant relationship (p < 0.05) between current educational policies and reforms on the development of human capital in Rwanda. Additionally, the linear regression model indicated that the implementation of the competence-based curriculum (CBC) (β = 0.207, p < 0.5), designed content in the CBC (β = 0.364, p < 0.05), the infrastructure and resources (β = 0.151, p < 0.05), and the provided teaching and learning materials (β = 0.113, p < 0.05) contributed significantly to human capital development in Rwanda. They contributed 35.6% (adjusted R2 = 0.356, p < 0.05) of the variance. Recommendations include regular teacher training programs on innovative teaching approaches, information and communication technology integration in teaching and learning, inclusive education, and gender-responsive pedagogy, as well as planning activities that involve student engagement directly, such as diverse competitions in their respective subjects and field visits.

KEYWORDS

continuous professional development competence-based curriculum education for development ICT in education learning by doing

CITATION (APA)

Sibomana, A., Bizimana, E., Havugiyaremye, L., & Ndokoye, P. (2025). Impact of Educational Policies and Reforms on Human Capital Development in Rwanda. International Journal of Changes in Education, 2(3), 191-199. https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewIJCE52023747
Harvard
Sibomana, A., Bizimana, E., Havugiyaremye, L., and Ndokoye, P. (2025). Impact of Educational Policies and Reforms on Human Capital Development in Rwanda. International Journal of Changes in Education, 2(3), pp. 191-199. https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewIJCE52023747
Vancouver
Sibomana A, Bizimana E, Havugiyaremye L, Ndokoye P. Impact of Educational Policies and Reforms on Human Capital Development in Rwanda. International Journal of Changes in Education. 2025;2(3):191-9. https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewIJCE52023747
AMA
Sibomana A, Bizimana E, Havugiyaremye L, Ndokoye P. Impact of Educational Policies and Reforms on Human Capital Development in Rwanda. International Journal of Changes in Education. 2025;2(3), 191-199. https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewIJCE52023747
Chicago
Sibomana, Aimable, Emmanuel Bizimana, Louis Havugiyaremye, and Pancras Ndokoye. "Impact of Educational Policies and Reforms on Human Capital Development in Rwanda". International Journal of Changes in Education 2025 2 no. 3 (2025): 191-199. https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewIJCE52023747
MLA
Sibomana, Aimable et al. "Impact of Educational Policies and Reforms on Human Capital Development in Rwanda". International Journal of Changes in Education, vol. 2, no. 3, 2025, pp. 191-199. https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewIJCE52023747

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