INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHANGES IN EDUCATION
Research Article
Feb 09, 2026 1 1

Use of Working Time in the Teaching Profession in Spain: The Cases of Galicia and the Basque Country

Roberto Sánchez-Cabrero 1 * ,
Francisco Javier Pericacho-Gómez 2,
Raquel Moraleda-Esteban 3,
Héctor Monarca 2
1 Department of Evolutionary Psychology and Education, Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain2 Department of Pedagogy, Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain3 Department of Audiovisual Communication and Advertising, Rey Juan Carlos University, Spain* Corresponding Author
International Journal of Changes in Education, 3(1), 2026, 23-36, https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewIJCE52026523
Publication date: Feb 09, 2026
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ABSTRACT

Within the framework of studies on teacher professionalization, this study aims to analyze and compare the degree of professional dedication among non-university teachers in two autonomous communities of Spain: Galicia and the Basque Country. Data were collected through a questionnaire—previously validated by external experts—comprising 18 items grouped into four domains (1–5 school-teacher domain, 6–10 technical-political domain, 11–14 teacher training domain, and 15–18 scientific-academic domain). A total of 1,318 nonuniversity teachers responded to the survey (742 from Galicia and 576 from the Basque Country). Inferential analyses were conducted using the nonparametric Mann–Whitney U test for independent samples, and various Chi-Square Automatic Interaction Detector (CHAID) classification trees were generated to identify patterns in teachers’ work dedication. The results reveal highly similar work dedication patterns in both regions, with only minor differences observed in the scientific-academic domain. Overall, the findings suggest a fragmented structure of the educational field with a hierarchical distribution of tasks, although a widespread, emerging involvement of teachers in nontraditional activities—beyond the school and classroom settings—is also evident. Among other conclusions, the study emphasizes the benefits of teachers expanding their roles outside of school.

KEYWORDS

teacher professionalizsation educational field teacher working time participation

CITATION (APA)

Sánchez-Cabrero, R., Pericacho-Gómez, F. J., Moraleda-Esteban, R., & Monarca, H. (2026). Use of Working Time in the Teaching Profession in Spain: The Cases of Galicia and the Basque Country. International Journal of Changes in Education, 3(1), 23-36. https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewIJCE52026523
Harvard
Sánchez-Cabrero, R., Pericacho-Gómez, F. J., Moraleda-Esteban, R., and Monarca, H. (2026). Use of Working Time in the Teaching Profession in Spain: The Cases of Galicia and the Basque Country. International Journal of Changes in Education, 3(1), pp. 23-36. https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewIJCE52026523
Vancouver
Sánchez-Cabrero R, Pericacho-Gómez FJ, Moraleda-Esteban R, Monarca H. Use of Working Time in the Teaching Profession in Spain: The Cases of Galicia and the Basque Country. International Journal of Changes in Education. 2026;3(1):23-36. https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewIJCE52026523
AMA
Sánchez-Cabrero R, Pericacho-Gómez FJ, Moraleda-Esteban R, Monarca H. Use of Working Time in the Teaching Profession in Spain: The Cases of Galicia and the Basque Country. International Journal of Changes in Education. 2026;3(1), 23-36. https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewIJCE52026523
Chicago
Sánchez-Cabrero, Roberto, Francisco Javier Pericacho-Gómez, Raquel Moraleda-Esteban, and Héctor Monarca. "Use of Working Time in the Teaching Profession in Spain: The Cases of Galicia and the Basque Country". International Journal of Changes in Education 2026 3 no. 1 (2026): 23-36. https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewIJCE52026523
MLA
Sánchez-Cabrero, Roberto et al. "Use of Working Time in the Teaching Profession in Spain: The Cases of Galicia and the Basque Country". International Journal of Changes in Education, vol. 3, no. 1, 2026, pp. 23-36. https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewIJCE52026523

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